Latest Javascript tutorials

Javascript is a popular language used for frontend and backend.

It was originally developed by the TC39 community.

What JavaScript is used for?

Javascript is a popular open-source interpreted language for developing applications for web desktop and mobile applications.

It is used in the front end for interactive elements on web pages And also can be used as a server-side to fetch data.

Front-end frameworks such as Angular, React, and Vuejs execute on the client on the browser.

Server-side such as NodeJS used to develop REST API to fetch and update data from the database layer, and it is executed on the server-side.

In Applications, HTML and CSS are used to display the UI elements on the browser, and Javascript is used to add interaction between UI elements as well as pages.

javascript uses.

  • client side validations
  • Responsive interactions to hide and show elements
  • DOM elements manipulation to change the color, show, and hide
  • Adding Animations to webpages for smooth UX
  • Create web mobile and desktop applications including browser extensions.
  • Game and NODEJS application server development

Javascript versions History

A complete history of Javascript versions from 1997 to the latest.

timeline title Javascript Versy History (1997-2016) June 1997 : Javascript ES1 June 1998 : Javascript ES2 Dec 1999 : Javascript ES3 Jun 2003: Javascript ES4 : Draft Abandonded Dec 2009 : Javascript ES5 Jun 2011 : Javascript ES5.1 Jun 2015 : Javascript ES6 Jun 2016 : Javascript ES7
timeline title Javascript Versy History (2016-Latest) Jun 2017 : Javascript ES8 Jun 2018 : Javascript ES9 Jun 2019 : Javascript ES10 Jun 2020 : Javascript ES11 Jun 2021 : Javascript ES12 Jun 2022 : Javascript ES13 Jun 2023 : Javascript ES14

Is ECMAScript the same as JavaScript?

javascript is a general interpreter that runs on browsers.

ECMAScript is a set of protocols and rules defined by the organization.

Ecma International. It is a specification to be used and a complaint about new scripting languages.

To understand clearly, Ecmascript is an abstract or interface and javascript is a class that implements ECMAScript in OOPS context. ECMAScript is a blueprint and javascript is one of the scripting languages that follow the blueprint.

Javascript runs on the browser using the javascript engine. A browser such as Chrome uses a V8 Engine, Firefox uses SpiderMonkey and Safari uses an Apple engine, Which means each browser uses a different engine.

Whenever ECMAScript releases new features, The engine vendors need to implement the features to run on browsers. Based on the engine, javascript performance was decided.

Every year ECMAScript releases new versions with features.

The latest ECMAScript version is EcmaScript 2021 or ES12.

Which browser has the fastest JavaScript engine?

Following is the list of browsers used with the javascript engine

  • Chrome - V8 Engine
  • Firefox: Spider Monkey
  • Safari: Apple Nitro Engine
  • Opera: Carakan
  • Edge: Chakra
  • Internet Explorer: JScript

Javascript performance is one of the important things. Javascript is not only used in browsers but used in mobiles, desktops, and games. Chrome and Firefox are the most top-performance engines and are updated with the latest javascript features. V8 is the fastest engine in all javascript engines.

Following is rank in terms of performance Chrome -> Firefox -> Safari ->

Javascript latest version features list

It is an index page for the list of tutorials for JavaScript and EcmaScript.

File TypeDescription
ES6ES2016 tutorials features and examples
ES7ES2016 tutorials features and examples
ES8ES2017 tutorials features & examples
ES9EcmaScript2018 tutorials features & examples
ES10EcmaScript2019 tutorials features examples
ES11EcmaScript2020 OR ES2020 tutorials features examples
ES12EcmaScript2021 tutorials features & examples
ES13EcmaScript2022 tutorials features & examples
ES14Latest javascript features version released in 2023

What is the latest version of JavaScript?

ES12 or ES2021 is the latest version of the javascript programming language.

Javascript Functions

javascript language provides the following functions in the language.

  • Lambda or Arrow Functions
  • First Class Functions
  • High Order Functions
  • First Order Functions
  • Unary Functions
  • Currying Functions
  • Pure Functions
  • Impure Functions

First Class Functions in a programming language.

Functions are treated similarly to like variables. Variables can be assigned, assessed, and return from Functions. Similarly, Functions can be assigned, passed as an argument to a Function and Returned from a Function.

Following are First Class Functions examples

  • Create a Function and assign it to Variables

Normal function is created and assigned to variables.

function add(a,b){
  return a+b;
}
const result=add(10,20)
console.log(result)

In the below example, Created an anonymous function, also called functional expression, and assigned it to a variable.

Called the function and assigned the function as given below

const add=((a,b)=>a+b);
const result=add(10,20)
console.log(result)
  • Passing Function as an argument or parameter

The below example passed the function with an argument to the calculator function.

These are also called callback functions.

const add=((a,b)=>a+b);

function calculator(a,b, fn) {
 return fn(a,b);
}
let output=calculator(10,20,add);

console.log(output)
  • Return function from a function

Below is a function that returns the function from a return statement.

function getMessage() {
  return () => {
    console.log("Welcome");
  }
}
getMessage()();

Latest Articles

ES11 - Getting started

This tutorial covers latest Javascript features summary tutorials & examples in ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES11 - matchAll

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, matchall released in 2020. ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES11 - Nullish Coalescing Operator

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, Nullish Coalescing Operator released in 2020. ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES11 - Optional Chaining Operator

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, Optional Chaining Operator released in 2020. ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 4 min read

ES11 - Private variables

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, and private variables released in 2020. ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES11 - Static variables

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, and private variables released in 2020. ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES11 - Promise allSettled

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, Promise allSettled released in 2020. ES11 or ES2020 or EcmaScript2020 .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES13 - Tutorials

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript features release in 2022. ES13 or ES2022 or EcmaScript2022 features .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES2022 - .at() method

This tutorial covers the array.at() method to get the elements with negative index. How to get the first & last element from an array ES13.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2022 - Class Fields

This tutorial covers class public and private properties | latest new JavaScript features will release in 2022. ES13 or ES2022 or EcmaScript2022 features .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2022 - hasown method

This tutorial covers the class Object ES2022 hasOwn Static method with examples compared with hasOwnProperty method and checks an object has its own property .

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2022 - Top-level await()

This tutorial covers the Top Level Await without async to load modules and plain script resource initialization, fallback case for error load modules.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2021 - Tutorials

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript features will release in 2021. ES12 or ES2021 or EcmaScript2021 features .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES2021 - Logical& Assignment Expressions

Learn ES12 features logical AND Assignment expression (&&=) logical OR assignment expression (||=) logical Double question operator assignment expression (??=)

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES2021 - Numeric Operators

ES12 features a numeric separator method - Applied Underscore separator to numeric, float, Hexa, octal,binary, and bigint literal, fraction, and exponent

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2021 - Promise any & Race

Deep Dive into ES12 features a numeric separator method separator to numeric, float, Hexa, octa,binary, and bigint literal types, fraction, and exponent parts.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2021 - ReplaceAll method

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features, String prototype ReplaceAll method in ES12 or ES2021 or EcmaScript2021.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES2021 - WeakRef Object

EcmaScript2021 features, deep understanding of weak, and strong references, and garbage collection using the WeakRef class and FinalizationRegistry examples.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES7 - Tutorials

In this tutorial, Learn ES7 features - exponential operators and array includes, ES2016 latest javascript version.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES7 - Class Properties

This tutorial covers ES7 Class properties variable with code examples.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES7 Array includes

Learn the Array new method of ES7, ES2016 JavaScript to effortlessly check if an array contains a value and enhance program readability.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES7 - Exponentiation Operator

This tutorial covers the exponential operator simple example and the Exponentiation Operator assignment introduced in ES7, ES2016 javascript.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES1 - Tutorials

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript summary of features will release in 2024. ES15 or ES2024 or EcmaScript2024 features .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES15 - Temporal API

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript Temporal API Dat and time modern will release in 2024. ES15 or ES2024 or EcmaScript2024 features.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES15 - Wellformed Unicode

This tutorial covers the latest new JavaScript features and wellformed unicode string methods released in 2024. ES15 or ES2024 or EcmaScript2024 features.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES10 - Getting started

This tutorial covers latest javascript released in 2019. ES10 or ES2019 or EcmaScript2019 contains medium features.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES10 - Array FlatMap

This tutorial shows Array class methods flat and FlatMap in ES2019 includes examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES10 - Bigint type

This tutorial covers Bigint datatype introduced ES2019, Syntax Comparision Equality operator, Arithmetic, and type checking examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES10 - Dynamic Import

This tutorial covers the Dynamic Import feature introduced in ES2019 with examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES10 - globalThis

This tutorial covers globalThis access to global Objects uniformly introduced ES2019 with examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES10 - javascript tostring

This tutorial covers the Function javascript toString method introduced ES2019 with examples and returns the string version of an object

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES10 - Optional Catch

This tutorial covers Catch error binding is optional feature introduced ES2019 eslint and babel support with examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES10 - String Trim methods

This tutorial covers javascriptString Trim methods trim the start and trimEnd introduced ES2019 with examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES10 - Symbol.Description

This tutorial covers Symbol Descriptions introduced ES2019 with examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES10 - Object fromEntries

This tutorial covers Object fromEntries method in ES2019 Convert Array or map to object examples.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES14 - Tutorials

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript features released in 2023. ES14 or ES2023 or EcmaScript2023 features .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES14 - Array Immutable methods

EcmaScript2023 features Array Change by Copy toRevesed,toSorted, toSpliced, and with methods. & Array Immutable methods tutorials

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 4 min read

ES14 - Array Last

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript features will release in 2023. ES14 or ES2023 or EcmaScript2023 features .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES14 - Hashbang

This tutorial covers the latest new JavaScript features JavaScript Hashbang or Shebang grammar will release in 2023. ES14 or ES2023 or EcmaScript2023 features.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES14 - Weakmap Symbol

This tutorial covers latest new JavaScript features will release in 2023. ES14 or ES2023 or EcmaScript2023 features .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES8 - Getting Started

This tutorial covers the latest javascript features introduced in ES8, ES2017, and ECMAScript2017 of javascript summary.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES8 - Object entries

ThiLearn the latest JavaScript features introduced in ES8 and ES2017 with practical examples of Object entries function in this comprehensive tutorial

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES8 - Object values

Learn the latest JavaScript features introduced in ES8 and ES2017 with practical examples of Object values function in this comprehensive tutorial

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES8 - String padding

This tutorial covers String padding latest javascript features introduced in ES8, ES2017.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES8 - trailing commas

This tutorial covers trailing commas in function parameters and calls introduced to the latest javascript features, in ES8, and ES2017, with examples

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES8 - OwnPropertyDescriptor

This tutorial covers ES8 ObjectgetOwnPropertyDescriptors introduced to latest javascript features, in ES8, ES2017, with tutorials, examples

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES8 - Async Functions

Learn ES8 Async Functions with our comprehensive tutorial and examples, unlocking the latest JavaScript features

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES9 - Getting started

This tutorial covers latest javascript released in 2018. ES10 or ES2019 or EcmaScript2018 contains medium features.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES9 - Promise Finally

This tutorial covers the promise API and finally a method to clean up code latest javascript in 2018. ES10 or ES2019 or EcmaScript2018 example .

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Tutorials

In this tutorial, Learn ES6 features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Arrow & Lambda

Learn how to use Arrow and Lambda functions in ES2015 with our easy to follow JavaScript guide with arguments single body examples

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Class

In these tutorials, Learn ES6 const keyword features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES6 - const keyword

In these tutorials, Learn ES6 let const keyword for variable with examples Difference between const and let variables in ES2015.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES6 - Default Parameters

In these tutorials, Learn ES6 function Default Parameters assignments and destructuring syntax features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Default Parameters

In this tutorials, Learn ES6 function Default Parameters features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES6 - Destructuring

In these tutorials, Learn the ES6 Destructuring syntax on arrays, objects, deep nested in javascript with examples.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Export Import

In these tutorials, Learn ES6 function Default Parameters features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - For of Loop

In this tutorials, Learn For of Loop in ES6 function Default Parameters features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES6 - Let variable

In these tutorials, Learn Learn let keyword and const features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES6 - Promise

In this tutorials, Learn ES6 function Default Parameters features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 1 min read

ES6 - Scopes

In this tutorials, Learn For of Loop in ES6 function Default Parameters features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Spread Operator

In this tutorials, Learn ES6 JavaScript spread operator features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 3 min read

ES6 - Template Literal

In these tutorials, Tagged template and template literal syntax, multi line string in ES5 with examplesLearn ES6 features ES2015 latest javascript version.

Posted December 31, 2023 by  ‐ 2 min read

ES6 - Array Functions

Learn ES6 Array functions create using literal, constructor and methods tutorials with examples ES2015.

Posted January 1, 0001 by  ‐ 3 min read