What is a programming language?
A programming language is a sequence of code instructions that the CPU processes to produce output for the user.
Programming languages can be categorized into different types:
- Procedural language
- Functional Programming language
- Object-oriented programming language
Additionally, programming languages fall into two types:
High-level programming language Low-level languages, also known as machine or assembly languages
Difference between Procedural and Object-Oriented programming languages
Here is a comparison of both languages.
| Procedure Language | Object-Oriented Language |
|---|---|
| Contains Procedure | Contains Methods |
| Records | Objects |
| Modules | Classes |
Difference between High-level and low-level programming languages
Machines and computers understand low-level language code only. So high-level languages need an interpreter or compiler to generate low-level machine-readable code.
| Hight Level Language | Low-Level Languages |
|---|---|
| Code written needs to compile to machine-readable code, because of compilation time, It takes some time to process | Low-level code is understood by machines, and directly runs, so faster |
| Human readable code | machine readable code |
| It is very easy to write and modify code | It is difficult to write code directly |
| Productivity is good as takes less time to write code | Time taken to write code is more |
| Code is easy to run on different devices and platforms with lesser modifications | Code only runs on specific computers or types, Needs code rewrite to run on another machine |
| Compilers and interpreter required | Not required any middleman tools |
| Examples of languages are Java, Dart, Golang, etc | Assembly is an example |
Language Type checking
Type checking is a process of evaluating variable types at compile time or runtime. There are two types of type-checking:
- Statically Type checking
Languages that allow you to perform type checking at compile time. Once a variable is declared and assigned a type, you cannot change that type. Types are associated with variables, not data.
For example, in Java, you declare a variable of type String.
String str="Welcome"; // allowed
str=20 // Not allowed to reassign the values
- Dynamically type-checking
These languages perform type-checking at runtime. In this approach, a variable is declared and assigned a type, and you can dynamically change both the type and values. Types are associated with data, not variables.
For example, in JavaScript, you declare a variable without specifying a type, and its type can change dynamically during runtime.
var str="Welcome"; // allowed
str=20 // allowed
What is the difference between Statically Typed and Dynamically Typed programming language
| Statically typed languages | Dynamically typed languages |
|---|---|
| Type checking is done at compile time | Type checking is done at Run time |
| Variables types must be declared | Variables types are not required but dynamic types |
| Reassign variable with different type value is not possible | Allows to reassign variable with different type data |
| Variables and expressions are evaluated at compile type | Variables and expressions are evaluated at runtime |
| Java,C,C++ | Javascript,Python,Ruby |
| Advantages are errors are caught at compile time | Error-prone at runtime time |
| Good in terms of performance | Lower performance |
| Compilation time is more | Compilation time is less |
Static and Dynamic variable scopes
There are two types of scoping for variables in a programming language:
Lexical scoping or static scope
Dynamic scoping Various types of programming paradigms include:
Imperative Programming: In this programming style, a sequence of code is executed sequentially, and it returns the result.
Functional Programming: In functional programming, every feature is implemented as a function and assigned to variables to change state.
-Reactive Programming: This paradigm is based on asynchronous data streams of events. It pushes data when an event is listened to for subscription.
Programming languages offer different types of functions, such as:
- Lambda or Arrow Functions
- First Class Functions
- High Order Functions
- First Order Functions
- Unary Functions
- Currying Functions
- Pure Functions
- Impure Functions
First Class Functions in a programming language.
Functions are treated similarly to variables in many programming languages. Just like variables, functions can be assigned to variables, passed as arguments to other functions, and returned from functions. This flexibility is a key feature of many modern programming languages, allowing for powerful and dynamic code structures.
Programming language paradigm
There are many categories of language paradigms.
- Imperative
- Functional
- Object Oriented
- Declarative
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Kotlin - Exceptions
Learn How to handle exceptions tutorials using try catch finally throw Java and Kotlin Programming language tutorial beginner examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Kotlin - For Loops
How to iterate for loop for Array, String, List, Set, and range of values with index in Kotlin Programming language tutorial beginner examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 4 min read
Kotlin - Hello World
Beginner guide to learn Hello World Kotlin First example program. compile and run the from the command line. install, compile, and run it.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Kotlin - String type
Learn the ins and outs of string types in Kotlin, how to declare and assign values, examples of immutability, syntax raw strings using triple quotes.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Kotlin - Ternary
How to Write a Ternary Conditional Operator in Kotlin Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Kotlin - Variables
How to declare a variable and constants, multiple & type of a variable with full package name in Java and Kotlin language tutorial beginner examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Kotlin - While Loops
How to use while, do while loop in Kotlin Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Matlab - Tutorial
Matlab Programming language tutorial for beginner examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Matlab - Comments
This tutorial covers Matlab comments Single multi-line comments API documentation comments block comments with example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Matlab - Variable type
This tutorial covers How to find the type of a variable in Matlab example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Nim - Tutorials
This is getting start page for learning Nim tutorials with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Nim - Arrays
Nim Array declare, assign access loop array elements, length low and high procs multi dimensional examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim - by example
Nim examples - Convert Int, float string types
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim - Case
Nim tutorials - Switch case statement with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Datatypes
Nim Datatypes Integers, Floats, Char, String, and Boolean data type examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - exception
Nim Exception handling - try, except, finally and raise examples throws and handle exceptions custom exception.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Files
Nim Files - read the entire file line by line and write a string into a file with an example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Nim - Hello World
Nim Hello World First program code for beginner examples How to run the nim program using the command line nim playground and IDE such as VSCode..
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - If else
Nim tutorials - If else elif conditional statements with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Installation
Step-by-step guide on how to install nim programming language on Windows, MacOS, Linux, and Unix.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Loops
Nim tutorials - while and for loop usage syntax and continue to break keywords with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Modules
Step-by-step guide on how to create and use Nim Inbuilt and custom modules for reusable with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - objects
Nim Objects create, declare, and assign values, inheritance Examples
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim - Operators
This is the getting start page for learning Nim tutorials Relational, Logical, and arithmetic Operation examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim - procedure
Nim procedure declares multiple variable arguments, return sequence, and array Examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 4 min read
Nim - Sequence
Nim Sequence declare, assign access loop Sequence elements, length low and high add, delete, insert multi-dimensional procs examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 4 min read
Nim - Set
Nim Set declare, assign access loop set elements, length mathematical set operation procs examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim - String char
This is getting start page for learning Nim tutorials with examples on String and character variables.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Tables
Nim Tables declare, assign values, access loop Sequence elements, length add, delete, iteration key, and value pairs examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim - Tuples
Nim Tuples declare syntax with access elements Examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Variable
variable types in Nim language let, var, const, and the differences.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 3 min read
Nim- JSON
Step-by-step guide on how to Convert JSOn string into NIM object and JSON node examples, declare JSOn string using triple enclosed syntax
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim - Comments
This tutorial covers nim comments Single multi-line comments API documentation comments block comments with example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
Nim-Type Inference
Nim tutorials - Type Inference with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
OCaml - Tutorials
This is getting start page for learning OCaml tutorials with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
OCaml - Arrays
OCaml Arrays Tutorial program example | How to compile and execute a program command line.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
OCaml - Comments
OCaml Comment examples for single, multi-line, and documentation comments code
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
OCaml - Datatypes
OCaml Inbuilt data type examples and tutorials for Integers, float char, strings, boolean, and uint.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
OCaml - Hello World
OCaml Hello world first program example | How to compile and execute a program command line.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 2 min read
OCaml - If else
learning OCaml Conditional Control if else statements tutorials with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
OCaml - Linux
Step-by-step guide to install and uninstall Objective Caml in Linux OS.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
OCaml - Loops
OCaml for and while loop tutorials with examples.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
OCaml - Mac
Step-by-step guide to install and uninstall Objective Caml in Mac OS.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
OCaml - Ubuntu
Step-by-step guide to install and uninstall Objective Caml in Ubuntu OS.
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Lisp - tutorials
This tutorial covers free Lisp tutorial developers for example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Lisp - Comments
This tutorial covers Lisp comments Single multi-line comments, and block comments with example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read
Lisp - Hello World
This tutorial covers Basic simple Hello World program free Lisp tutorials developers for example
Posted January 1, 0001 by ‐ 1 min read